It comes as 17 schools across Edinburgh, built under the PFI scheme, have been forced to close amid safety fears.
The Scottish Conservatives asked three times over the last two years for schools to prove their buildings were up to scratch, as well as the quality of education provided, as part of the inspections regime.
In June 2014, young people spokeswoman Liz Smith asked the Scottish Government to review the remit of Education Scotland to “include the condition of school buildings”, pointing out Audit Scotland had concern for around 18 per cent of the school estate.
But minister for learning, Alasdair Allan, said it was up to local authorities to check the safety of buildings.
Six months later, Ms Smith again raised the issue in the Scottish Parliament, but Mr Allan responded with a similar answer.
Then, in May 2015, she asked again, only to be told: “Those issues have been raised in the past. Nonetheless, the assessment of the condition of school buildings remains a matter for local authorities.”
She said that shows the SNP has “washed its hands” of the issue, while leader Ruth Davidson said the Scottish Government should explain why it ignored the warnings.
Scottish Conservative young people spokeswoman Liz Smith said:
“I raised this issue in parliament two years ago on account of the concerns raised by parents and by some local authorities.
“I did so for two reasons. Firstly, it is vitally important that our schools are safe – something every parent and teacher quite rightly expects.
“But secondly because there is strong evidence that the quality of learning improves when buildings and the surrounding campus provide a secure, modern learning environment.
“At the time, the Scottish Government paid lip service to my proposal, but in the intervening time it has washed its hands of it.
“Now, following the very serious issue which has emerged in Edinburgh, the SNP must have an urgent change of mind. The educational future of pupils is at stake.”
Scottish Conservative leader Ruth Davidson said:
“It's unprecedented to have so many schools closed down at once, and at such a critical exam time for students.
"This demonstrates the seriousness of the situation.
"We made perfectly reasonable and constructive suggestions on how such situations could be prevented, but the SNP did nothing.
"Now councils are being forced to hastily close the school gates when many pupils are preparing to sit potentially life-changing exams.
"The SNP must explain why it ignored our calls, and say what it plans to do to stop a repeat across other school areas."