A new report also revealed that absence levels reached a nine-year high of 5.16 per cent, significantly above the target four per cent rate.
This is despite repeated pledges by the Scottish Government to reduce staff sickness.
In some parts of the NHS, the ISD Scotland statistics showed sickness rates exceeded eight per cent.
And the Scottish Ambulance Service, which has struggled with this for some time, had an absence record of 7.57 per cent for 2016.
It follows revelations that spending on bank and agency nurses again increased last year to plug gaps left by staff sickness and holidays.
Scottish Conservative shadow health secretary Donald Cameron said:
“There’s clearly been a problem for some time in relation to absence levels in Scotland’s NHS.
“Every health board has missed the sickness rate target, and the problem appears to be getting worse.
“Of course NHS workers perform challenging and demanding roles, but the sickness absence rate is significantly above that of the private sector.
“That should send a strong signal to the Scottish Government that there is a problem here that must be addressed.
“Patients and the taxpayer cannot afford for nurses and doctors to be working themselves into poor health.”